// -*- mode:C++; tab-width:8; c-basic-offset:2; indent-tabs-mode:t -*-
// vim: ts=8 sw=2 smarttab
/*
 * Allocator replay tool.
 * Author: Igor Fedotov, ifedotov@suse.com
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

#include "common/ceph_argparse.h"
#include "common/debug.h"
#include "common/Cycles.h"
#include "common/errno.h"
#include "common/ceph_json.h"
#include "common/admin_socket.h"
#include "include/denc.h"
#include "global/global_init.h"
#include "os/bluestore/Allocator.h"
#include "os/bluestore/AllocatorBase.h"

using namespace std;

void usage(const string &name) {
  cerr << "Usage: " << name << " <log_to_replay|free-dump> "
       << " raw_duplicates|"
          "duplicates|"
          "free_dump|"
          "assess_free <alloc_unit>|"
          "try_alloc <count> <want> <alloc_unit>|"
          "replay_alloc <alloc_list_file|"
          "export_binary <out_file>|"
          "free_histogram [<alloc_unit>] [<num_buckets>]"
       << std::endl;
}

void usage_replay_alloc(const string &name) {
  cerr << "Detailed replay_alloc usage: " << name << " <allocator_dump_JSON> replay_alloc <alloc_list_file> [number of replays]" << std::endl;
  cerr << "The number of replays defaults to 1." << std::endl;
  cerr << "The \"alloc_list_file\" parameter should be a file with allocation requests, one per line." << std::endl;
  cerr << "Allocation request format (space separated, optional parameters are 0 if not given): want unit [max] [hint]" << std::endl;
}

struct binary_alloc_map_t {
  std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t>> free_extents;

  DENC(binary_alloc_map_t, v, p) {
    DENC_START(1, 1, p);
    denc(v.free_extents, p);
    DENC_FINISH(p);
  }
};
WRITE_CLASS_DENC(binary_alloc_map_t)

int replay_and_check_for_duplicate(char* fname)
{
  unique_ptr<Allocator> alloc;

  FILE* f = fopen(fname, "r");
  if (!f) {
    std::cerr << "error: unable to open " << fname << std::endl;
    return -1;
  }

  PExtentVector tmp;
  bool init_done = false;
  char s[4096];
  char* sp, *token;
  interval_set<uint64_t> owned_by_app;
  while (true) {
    if (fgets(s, sizeof(s), f) == nullptr) {
      break;
    }
    sp = strstr(s, "init_add_free");
    if (!sp) {
      sp = strstr(s, "release");
    }
    if (sp) {
      //2019-05-30 03:23:46.780 7f889a5edf00 10 fbmap_alloc 0x5642ed370600 init_add_free 0x100000~680000000
      // or
      //2019-05-30 03:23:46.780 7f889a5edf00 10 fbmap_alloc 0x5642ed370600 init_add_free done
      // or
      // 2019 - 10 - 08T16:19 : 32.257 + 0300 7f5679f3fe80 10 fbmap_alloc 0x564fab96f100 release 0x450000~10000
      // or
      // 2019 - 10 - 08T16 : 19 : 32.257 + 0300 7f5679f3fe80 10 fbmap_alloc 0x564fab96f100 release done
      if (strstr(sp, "done") != nullptr) {
        continue;
      }
      std::cout << s << std::endl;
      if (!init_done) {
	std::cerr << "error: no allocator init before: " << s << std::endl;
	return -1;
      }
      uint64_t offs, len;
      strtok(sp, " ~");
      token = strtok(nullptr, " ~");
      ceph_assert(token);
      offs = strtoul(token, nullptr, 16);
      token = strtok(nullptr, " ~");
      ceph_assert(token);
      len = strtoul(token, nullptr, 16);
      if (len == 0) {
	std::cerr << "error: " << sp <<": " << s << std::endl;
	return -1;
      }
      if (!owned_by_app.contains(offs, len)) {
        std::cerr << "error: unexpected return to allocator, not owned by app: "
		  << s << std::endl;
	return -1;
      }
      owned_by_app.erase(offs, len);
      if (strstr(sp, "init_add_free") != nullptr) {
        alloc->init_add_free(offs, len);
      } else {
        PExtentVector release_set;
        release_set.emplace_back(offs, len);
        alloc->release(release_set);
      }
      continue;
    }
    sp = strstr(s, "init_rm_free");
    if (sp) {
      //2019-05-30 03:23:46.912 7f889a5edf00 10 fbmap_alloc 0x5642ed370600 init_rm_free 0x100000~680000000
      // or 
      // 2019-05-30 03:23:46.916 7f889a5edf00 10 fbmap_alloc 0x5642ed370600 init_rm_free done

      if (strstr(sp, "done") != nullptr) {
        continue;
      }
      std::cout << s << std::endl;
      if (!init_done) {
	std::cerr << "error: no allocator init before: " << s << std::endl;
	return -1;
      }
      uint64_t offs, len;
      strtok(sp, " ~");
      token = strtok(nullptr, " ~");
      ceph_assert(token);
      offs = strtoul(token, nullptr, 16);
      token = strtok(nullptr, " ~");
      ceph_assert(token);
      len = strtoul(token, nullptr, 16);
      if (len == 0) {
	std::cerr << "error: " << sp <<": " << s << std::endl;
	return -1;
      }
      alloc->init_rm_free(offs, len);

      if (owned_by_app.intersects(offs, len)) {
        std::cerr
         << "error: unexpected takeover from allocator, already owned by app: "
	 << s << std::endl;
	return -1;
      } else {
	owned_by_app.insert(offs, len);
      }

      continue;
    }
    sp = strstr(s, "allocate");
    if (sp) {
      //2019-05-30 03:23:48.780 7f889a5edf00 10 fbmap_alloc 0x5642ed370600 allocate 0x80000000/100000,0,0
      // and need to bypass  
      // 2019-05-30 03:23:48.780 7f889a5edf00 10 fbmap_alloc 0x5642ed370600 allocate 0x69d400000~200000/100000,0,0

      // Very simple and stupid check to bypass actual allocations
      if (strstr(sp, "~") != nullptr) {
        continue;
      }

      std::cout << s << std::endl;
      if (!init_done) {
	std::cerr << "error: no allocator init before: " << s << std::endl;
	return -1;
      }
      uint64_t want, alloc_unit;
      strtok(sp, " /");
      token = strtok(nullptr, " /");
      ceph_assert(token);
      want = strtoul(token, nullptr, 16);
      token = strtok(nullptr, " ~");
      ceph_assert(token);
      alloc_unit = strtoul(token, nullptr, 16);
      if (want == 0 || alloc_unit == 0) {
	std::cerr << "error: allocate: " << s << std::endl;
	return -1;
      }
      tmp.clear();
      auto allocated = alloc->allocate(want, alloc_unit, 0, -1, &tmp);
      std::cout << "allocated TOTAL: " << allocated << std::endl;
      for (auto& ee : tmp) {
        std::cerr << "dump extent: " << std::hex
          << ee.offset << "~" << ee.length
          << std::dec << std::endl;
      }
      std::cerr << "dump completed." << std::endl;
      for (auto& e : tmp) {
	if (owned_by_app.intersects(e.offset, e.length)) {
	  std::cerr << "error: unexpected allocated extent: " << std::hex
		    << e.offset << "~" << e.length
	            << " dumping all allocations:" << std::dec << std::endl;
	  for (auto& ee : tmp) {
	    std::cerr <<"dump extent: " << std::hex
	              << ee.offset << "~" << ee.length
		      << std::dec << std::endl;
	  }
	  std::cerr <<"dump completed." << std::endl;
	  return -1;
	} else {
	  owned_by_app.insert(e.offset, e.length);
	}
      }
      continue;
    }

    string alloc_type = "bitmap";
    sp = strstr(s, "BitmapAllocator");
    if (!sp) {
      alloc_type = "avl";
      sp = strstr(s, "AvlAllocator");
    }
    if (!sp) {
      alloc_type = "hybrid";
      sp = strstr(s, "HybridAllocator");
    }
    if (!sp) {
      alloc_type = "stupid";
      sp = strstr(s, "StupidAllocator");
    }
    if (sp) {
      // 2019-05-30 03:23:43.460 7f889a5edf00 10 fbmap_alloc 0x5642ed36e900 BitmapAllocator 0x15940000000/100000
      std::cout << s << std::endl;
      if (init_done) {
	std::cerr << "error: duplicate init: " << s << std::endl;
	return -1;
      }
      uint64_t total, alloc_unit;
      strtok(sp, " /");
      token = strtok(nullptr, " /");
      ceph_assert(token);
      total = strtoul(token, nullptr, 16);
      token = strtok(nullptr, " /");
      ceph_assert(token);
      alloc_unit = strtoul(token, nullptr, 16);
      if (total == 0 || alloc_unit == 0) {
	std::cerr << "error: invalid init: " << s << std::endl;
      return -1;
      }
      alloc.reset(Allocator::create(g_ceph_context, alloc_type, total,
				    alloc_unit));
      owned_by_app.insert(0, total);

      init_done = true;
      continue;
    }
  }
  fclose(f);
  return 0;
}

int replay_free_dump_and_apply_raw(
    char* fname,
    std::function<void (
      std::string_view,
      int64_t,
      int64_t,
      std::string_view)> create,
    std::function<void (uint64_t, uint64_t)> add_ext)
{
  string alloc_type;
  string alloc_name;
  uint64_t capacity = 0;
  uint64_t alloc_unit = 0;

  JSONParser p;
  std::cout << "parsing..." << std::endl;
  bool b = p.parse(fname);
  if (!b) {
    std::cerr << "Failed to parse json: " << fname << std::endl;
    return -1;
  }

  JSONObj::data_val v;
  ceph_assert(p.is_object());

  auto *o = p.find_obj("alloc_type");
  ceph_assert(o);
  alloc_type = o->get_data_val().str;

  o = p.find_obj("alloc_name");
  ceph_assert(o);
  alloc_name = o->get_data_val().str;

  o = p.find_obj("capacity");
  ceph_assert(o);
  decode_json_obj(capacity, o);
  o = p.find_obj("alloc_unit");
  ceph_assert(o);
  decode_json_obj(alloc_unit, o);

  int fd = -1;
  o = p.find_obj("extents_file");
  if (o) {
    string filename = o->get_data_val().str;
    fd = open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
    if (fd < 0) {
      std::cerr << "error: unable to open extents file: " << filename
              << ", " << cpp_strerror(-errno)
              << std::endl;
      return -1;
    }
  } else {
    o = p.find_obj("extents");
    ceph_assert(o);
    ceph_assert(o->is_array());
  }
  std::cout << "parsing completed!" << std::endl;

  create(alloc_type, capacity, alloc_unit, alloc_name);
  int r = 0;
  if (fd < 0) {
    auto it = o->find_first();
    while (!it.end()) {
      auto *item_obj = *it;
      uint64_t offset = 0;
      uint64_t length = 0;
      string offset_str, length_str;

      bool b = JSONDecoder::decode_json("offset", offset_str, item_obj);
      ceph_assert(b);
      b = JSONDecoder::decode_json("length", length_str, item_obj);
      ceph_assert(b);

      char* p;
      offset = strtol(offset_str.c_str(), &p, 16);
      length = strtol(length_str.c_str(), &p, 16);

      // intentionally skip/trim entries that are above the capacity,
      // just to be able to "shrink" allocator by editing that field
      if (offset < capacity) {
        if (offset + length > capacity) {
          length = offset + length - capacity;
        }
        add_ext(offset, length);
      }
      ++it;
    }
  } else {
    bufferlist bl;
    char buf[4096];
    do {
      r = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
      if (r > 0) {
        bl.append(buf, r);
      }
    } while(r > 0);
    if (r < 0) {
      std::cerr << "error: error reading from extents file: "
              << cpp_strerror(-errno)
              << std::endl;
    } else {
      auto p = bl.cbegin();
      binary_alloc_map_t amap;
      try {
        decode(amap, p);
        for (auto p : amap.free_extents) {
          add_ext(p.first, p.second);
        }
      } catch (ceph::buffer::error& e) {
        std::cerr << __func__ << " unable to decode extents "
                  << ": " << e.what()
	          << std::endl;
	r = -1;
      }
    }
    close(fd);
  }
  return r;
}

/*
* This replays allocator dump (in JSON) reported by
  "ceph daemon <osd> bluestore allocator dump <name>"
  command and applies custom method to it
*/
int replay_free_dump_and_apply(char* fname,
    std::function<int (Allocator*, const string& aname)> fn)
{
  unique_ptr<Allocator> alloc;
  auto create_fn = [&](std::string_view alloc_type,
                       int64_t capacity,
                       int64_t alloc_unit,
                       std::string_view alloc_name) {
    alloc.reset(
      Allocator::create(
        g_ceph_context, alloc_type, capacity, alloc_unit, alloc_name));
  };
  auto add_fn = [&](uint64_t offset,
                   uint64_t len) {
    alloc->init_add_free(offset, len);
  };
  int r = replay_free_dump_and_apply_raw(
    fname,
    create_fn,
    add_fn);
  if (r == 0) {
    r = fn(alloc.get(), alloc->get_name());
  }

  return r;
}

void dump_alloc(Allocator* alloc, const string& aname)
{
  AdminSocket* admin_socket = g_ceph_context->get_admin_socket();
  ceph_assert(admin_socket);

  ceph::bufferlist in, out;
  ostringstream err;

  string cmd = "{\"prefix\": \"bluestore allocator dump " + aname + "\"}";
  auto r = admin_socket->execute_command(
    { cmd },
    in, err, &out);
  if (r != 0) {
    cerr << "failure querying: " << cpp_strerror(r) << std::endl;
  }
  else {
    std::cout << std::string(out.c_str(), out.length()) << std::endl;
  }
}

int export_as_binary(char* fname, char* target_fname)
{
  int fd = creat(target_fname, 0);
  if (fd < 0) {
    std::cerr << "error: unable to open target file: " << target_fname
              << ", " << cpp_strerror(-errno)
              << std::endl;
    return -1;
  }

  binary_alloc_map_t amap;
  auto dummy_create_fn =
   [&](std::string_view alloc_type,
       int64_t capacity,
       int64_t alloc_unit,
       std::string_view alloc_name) {
  };
  auto add_fn = [&](uint64_t offset,
                    uint64_t len) {
    amap.free_extents.emplace_back(offset, len);
  };
  int r = replay_free_dump_and_apply_raw(
    fname,
    dummy_create_fn,
    add_fn);
  if (r == 0) {
    bufferlist out;
    ceph::encode(amap, out);
    auto w = write(fd, out.c_str(), out.length());
    if (w < 1) {
      std::cerr << "error: unable to open target file: " << target_fname
                << ", " << cpp_strerror(-errno)
                << std::endl;
    }
  }
  close(fd);
  return r;
}

int check_duplicates(char* fname)
{
  interval_set<uint64_t> free_extents;
  interval_set<uint64_t> invalid_extentsA;
  interval_set<uint64_t> invalid_extentsB;
  auto dummy_create_fn =
   [&](std::string_view alloc_type,
       int64_t capacity,
       int64_t alloc_unit,
       std::string_view alloc_name) {
  };
  size_t errors = 0;
  size_t pos = 0;
  size_t first_err_pos = 0;
  auto add_fn = [&](uint64_t offset,
                    uint64_t len) {
    ++pos;
    if (free_extents.intersects(offset, len)) {
      invalid_extentsB.insert(offset, len);
      ++errors;
      if (first_err_pos == 0) {
        first_err_pos = pos;
      }
   } else {
     free_extents.insert(offset, len);
   }
  };
  int r = replay_free_dump_and_apply_raw(
    fname,
    dummy_create_fn,
    add_fn);
  if (r < 0) {
    return r;
  }
  pos = 0;
  auto add_fn2 = [&](uint64_t offset,
                     uint64_t len) {
    ++pos;
    if (pos < first_err_pos) {
      if (invalid_extentsB.intersects(offset, len)) {
        invalid_extentsA.insert(offset, len);
      }
    }
  };
  r = replay_free_dump_and_apply_raw(
    fname,
    dummy_create_fn,
    add_fn2);
  ceph_assert(r >= 0);
  auto itA = invalid_extentsA.begin();
  auto itB = invalid_extentsB.begin();
  while (itA != invalid_extentsA.end()) {
   std::cerr << "error: overlapping extents: " << std::hex
                  << itA.get_start() << "~" << itA.get_end() - itA.get_start()
                  << " vs.";
    while (itB != invalid_extentsB.end() &&
           itB.get_start() >= itA.get_start() &&
           itB.get_end() <= itA.get_end()) {
      std::cerr << " " << itB.get_start() << "~" << itB.get_end() - itB.get_start();
      ++itB;
    }
   std::cerr << std::dec << std::endl;
    ++itA;
  }
  return r >= 0 ? errors != 0 : r;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  auto args = argv_to_vec(argc, argv);
  auto cct = global_init(NULL, args, CEPH_ENTITY_TYPE_CLIENT,
			 CODE_ENVIRONMENT_UTILITY,
			 CINIT_FLAG_NO_DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE);
  common_init_finish(g_ceph_context);
  g_ceph_context->_conf.apply_changes(nullptr);

  if (argc < 3) {
    usage(argv[0]);
    return 1;
  }
  if (strcmp(argv[2], "raw_duplicates") == 0) {
    return replay_and_check_for_duplicate(argv[1]);
  } else if (strcmp(argv[2], "free_dump") == 0) {
    return replay_free_dump_and_apply(argv[1],
      [&](Allocator* a, const string& aname) {
        ceph_assert(a);
        std::cout << "Fragmentation:" << a->get_fragmentation()
                  << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Fragmentation score:" << a->get_fragmentation_score()
                  << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Free: 0x" << std::hex << a->get_free() << std::dec
                  << std::endl;
        {
        // stub to implement various testing stuff on properly initialized allocator
        // e.g. one can dump allocator back via dump_alloc(a, aname);
        }
        return 0;
      });
  } else if (strcmp(argv[2], "assess_free") == 0) {
    if (argc < 4) {
      std::cerr << "Error: insufficient arguments for \"assess_free_extents\" operation."
                << std::endl;
      usage(argv[0]);
      return 1;
    }
    auto alloc_unit = strtoul(argv[3], nullptr, 10);
    return replay_free_dump_and_apply(argv[1],
      [&](Allocator* a, const string& aname) {
        ceph_assert(a);
        std::cout << "Fragmentation:" << a->get_fragmentation()
                  << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Fragmentation score:" << a->get_fragmentation_score()
                  << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Free:" << std::hex << a->get_free() << std::dec
                  << std::endl;
        {
          uint64_t available = 0;
          uint64_t available2 = 0;
          a->foreach([&](uint64_t offs, uint64_t len) {
            auto a = p2align(len, alloc_unit);
            available += a;
            auto a0 = p2roundup(offs, alloc_unit);
            a = p2align(offs + len, alloc_unit);
            if (a > a0) {
              available2 += a - a0;
            }
          });
          std::cout << "Available: 0x" << std::hex << available
                    << " Available(strict align): 0x" << available2
                    << " alloc_unit: 0x" << alloc_unit << std::dec
                    << std::endl;
        }
        return 0;
      });
  } else if (strcmp(argv[2], "try_alloc") == 0) {
    if (argc < 6) {
      std::cerr << "Error: insufficient arguments for \"try_alloc\" operation."
                << std::endl;
      usage(argv[0]);
      return 1;
    }
    auto count = strtoul(argv[3], nullptr, 10);
    auto want = strtoul(argv[4], nullptr, 10);
    auto alloc_unit = strtoul(argv[5], nullptr, 10);

    return replay_free_dump_and_apply(argv[1],
      [&](Allocator* a, const string& aname) {
        ceph_assert(a);
        std::cout << "Fragmentation:" << a->get_fragmentation()
                  << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Fragmentation score:" << a->get_fragmentation_score()
                  << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Free: 0x" << std::hex << a->get_free() << std::dec
                  << std::endl;
        {
          auto t00 = ceph::mono_clock::now();
          PExtentVector extents;
          for(size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            extents.clear();
	    auto t0 = ceph::mono_clock::now();
            auto r = a->allocate(want, alloc_unit, -1, &extents);
            std::cout << "Duration (ns): " << (ceph::mono_clock::now() - t0).count() << std::endl;
            if (r < 0) {
              std::cerr << "Error: allocation failure at step:" << i + 1
                        << ", ret = " << r
			<< " elapsed (ns): " << (ceph::mono_clock::now() - t00).count()
                        << std::endl;
	      return -1;
            } else if ((size_t)r < want) {
              std::cerr << "Error: allocation failure at step:" << i + 1
                        << ", allocated " << r << " of " << want
			<< " elapsed (ns): " << (ceph::mono_clock::now() - t00).count()
                        << std::endl;
	      return -1;
            }
            std::cout << ">allocated: " << r << std::endl;

            std::cout << "Extents:" << std::hex;
            for (auto& e : extents) {
              std::cout << e.offset << "~" << e.length << " ";
            }
            std::cout << std::dec << std::endl;
	  }
          std::cout << "Successfully allocated: " << count << " * " << want
                    << ", unit:" << alloc_unit
		    << " elapsed (ns): " << (ceph::mono_clock::now() - t00).count()
		    << std::endl;
        }
        return 0;
      });
  } else if (strcmp(argv[2], "replay_alloc") == 0) {
    if (argc < 4) {
      std::cerr << "Error: insufficient arguments for \"replay_alloc\" option."
                << std::endl;
      usage_replay_alloc(argv[0]);
      return 1;
    }
    return replay_free_dump_and_apply(argv[1],
      [&](Allocator *a, const string &aname) {
        ceph_assert(a);
        std::cout << "Fragmentation:" << a->get_fragmentation()
                  << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Fragmentation score:" << a->get_fragmentation_score()
                  << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Free: 0x" << std::hex << a->get_free() << std::dec
                  << std::endl;
        {
          /* replay a set of allocation requests */
          char s[4096];

          FILE *f_alloc_list = fopen(argv[3], "r");
          if (!f_alloc_list) {
            std::cerr << "error: unable to open " << argv[3] << std::endl;
            return -1;
          }

          /* Replay user specified number of times to simulate extended activity
           * Defaults to 1 replay.
           */
          auto replay_count = 1;
          if (argc == 5) {
            replay_count = atoi(argv[4]);
          }

          for (auto i = 0; i < replay_count; ++i) {
            while (fgets(s, sizeof(s), f_alloc_list) != nullptr) {
              /* parse allocation request */
              uint64_t want = 0, unit = 0, max = 0;
              int64_t hint = -1;

              if (std::sscanf(s, "%ji %ji %ji %ji", &want, &unit, &max, &hint) < 2)
              {
                cerr << "Error: malformed allocation request:" << std::endl;
                cerr << s << std::endl;
                /* do not attempt to allocate a malformed request */
                continue;
              }

              /* timestamp for allocation start */
              auto t0 = ceph::mono_clock::now();

              /* allocate */
              PExtentVector extents;
              auto r = a->allocate(want, unit, max, hint, &extents);
              if (r < 0) {
                /* blind replays of allocations may run out of space, provide info for easy confirmation */
                std::cerr << "Error: allocation failure code: " << r
                          << " requested want/unit/max/hint (hex): " << std::hex
                          << want << "/" << unit << "/" << max << "/" << hint
                          << std::dec << std::endl;
                std::cerr << "Fragmentation:" << a->get_fragmentation()
                          << std::endl;
                std::cerr << "Fragmentation score:" << a->get_fragmentation_score()
                          << std::endl;
                std::cerr << "Free: 0x" << std::hex << a->get_free() << std::dec
                          << std::endl;
                /* return 0 if the allocator ran out of space */
                if (r == -ENOSPC) {
                  return 0;
                }
                return -1;
              }

              /* Outputs the allocation's duration in nanoseconds and the allocation request parameters */
              std::cout << "Duration (ns): " << (ceph::mono_clock::now() - t0).count()
                        << " want/unit/max/hint (hex): " << std::hex
                        << want << "/" << unit << "/" << max << "/" << hint
                        << std::dec << " res fragments " << extents.size()
                        << std::endl;

              /* Do not release. */
              //alloc->release(extents);
              extents.clear();
            }
            fseek(f_alloc_list, 0, SEEK_SET);
          }
          fclose(f_alloc_list);
          std::cout << "Fragmentation:" << a->get_fragmentation()
                    << std::endl;
          std::cout << "Fragmentation score:" << a->get_fragmentation_score()
                    << std::endl;
          std::cout << "Free: 0x" << std::hex << a->get_free() << std::dec
                    << std::endl;
        }
        return 0;
    });
  } else if (strcmp(argv[2], "free_histogram") == 0) {
    uint64_t alloc_unit = 4096;
    auto num_buckets = 8;
    if (argc >= 4) {
      alloc_unit = strtoul(argv[3], nullptr, 10);
    }
    if (argc >= 5) {
      num_buckets = strtoul(argv[4], nullptr, 10);
    }
    return replay_free_dump_and_apply(argv[1],
      [&](Allocator *a, const string &aname) {
        ceph_assert(a);
        std::cout << "Fragmentation:" << a->get_fragmentation()
                  << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Fragmentation score:" << a->get_fragmentation_score()
                  << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Free: 0x" << std::hex << a->get_free() << std::dec
                  << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Allocation unit:" << alloc_unit
                  << std::endl;

        AllocatorBase::FreeStateHistogram hist(num_buckets);
        a->foreach(
          [&](size_t off, size_t len) {
            hist.record_extent(uint64_t(alloc_unit), off, len);
          });

        uint64_t s = 0;
        hist.foreach(
          [&](uint64_t max_len, uint64_t total, uint64_t aligned, uint64_t units) {
            uint64_t e = max_len;
            std::cout << "(" << s << ".." << e << "]"
              << " -> " << total
              << " chunks, " << aligned << " aligned with "
              << units << " alloc_units."
              << std::endl;
            s = e;
          });
	return 0;
    });
  } else if (strcmp(argv[2], "export_binary") == 0) {
    return export_as_binary(argv[1], argv[3]);
  } else if (strcmp(argv[2], "duplicates") == 0) {
    return check_duplicates(argv[1]);
  }
}
